ABSTRACT
We evaluated the effects of Danggui-Chuanxiong (GX) herb pair with different proportions (1∶0, 3∶2, 1∶1, 2∶3, 0∶1) and preparation methods (water extract W, alcohol extract A, and water-alcohol extracts WA) on vasoactive substances and endothelial cell adhesion molecules in the serum of acute blood stasis in rats. An acute blood stasis model was co-replicated by ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of epinephrine hydrochloride in rats. The expressions of vasoactive substances (arachidonic acid metabolites, coagulation-fibrin system index) and adhesion molecules in the serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method; the Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation of those detection indicators; the partial least squares-discriminant analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index method were used to comprehensively evaluate the total effect of GX herb pair samples with different proportions and preparation methods on vasoactive substances and adhesion molecules. The experimental scheme was approved by the Animal Experimental Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine. The results showed that GX 1∶1_WA had the strongest effect on the improvement of vasoactive substances and adhesion molecules in the serum of acute blood stasis in rats (the total effect value was 6.96). When extraction method was same, the overall effect of GX 1∶1 had better effect than that of other proportions; when the proportion of GX was same, the total effects of GX_WA and GX_A were better than GX_W. The combination of Danggui and Chuanxiong can significantly improve the expressions of vasoactive substances and adhesion molecules in the serum of blood stasis in rats. But the action strength of GX herb pairs was different when the proportions and preparations of GX herb pair were different. These findings provide a basis for clinical rational application of GX herb pair, and lay the foundation for in-depth research on GX herb pair for treatment of blood stasis related diseases.
ABSTRACT
The combination of ginkgo ketoester tablet - donepezil (GD) is a popular combination commonly used in clinic for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. To evaluate the learning and memory improving ability of different proportions of the two drugs. We optimized the ratio of GD for treatment of dementia using a mouse model. Dementia was induced by multiple neuronal damages in mice. The experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Experimental Ethical Committee of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and all the procedures were strictly conducted in accordance with ethical principle of animal use and care. Morris water maze, brain hematosylin-eosin staining and the changes of the neurotransmitters and related enzymes in the plasma or brain tissues were tested to determine the effect of GD on dementia mice. The results showed that the dementia mice were significantly different from the normal group in terms of behavior, pathological sections and related indicators. Compared to the dementia mice, partial administration groups could improve learning and memory ability as well as indexes in the blood and brain tissues. Both the principal component analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were used to comprehensively evaluate the total effect of GD on anti-dementia. The results showed that the combination of two drugs at the dose of 0.5 to 1 times was in a dose-effect relationship, and the dose of 1 (the clinical equivalent) had the best treatment effect. Then based on the optimal dose, GD 1∶1 had best effect, which was consistent with the clinical use of two drugs. This provides scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between ketoester tablet and donepezil for modern clinic medicine.
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of Danshen-Honghua(DH) herb pair with different preparations (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) on blood rheology and coagulation functions in acute blood stasis rats, and optimize the best preparation method of DH based on principal component analysis(PCA), hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods. Ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline were both used to establish the acute blood stasis rat model. Then the blood stasis rats were administrated intragastrically with DH (alcohol, 50% alcohol and water) extracts. The whole blood viscosity(WBV), plasma viscosity(PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) and haematocrit(HCT) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations and doses on hemorheology of blood stasis rats; the activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), and plasma fibrinogen(FIB) were tested to observe the effects of DH herb pair with different preparations on blood coagulation function and platelet aggregation of blood stasis rats. Then PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were all used to comprehensively evaluate the total promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis effects of DH herb pair with different preparations. The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had significant differences with normal blank group. As compared with the model group, the DH herb pair with different preparations at low, middle and high doses could improve the blood hemorheology indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA, hierarchical cluster heatmap analysis and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the high dose group of 50% alcohol extract had the best effect of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. Under the same dose but different preparations, 50% alcohol DH could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. These results suggested that DH herb pair with different preparations could obviously ameliorate the abnormality of hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats, and the optimized preparation of DH herb pair on promoting blood effects was 50% alcohol extract, providing scientific basis for more effective application of the DH herb pair in modern clinic medicine.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of the compatibility between two effective parts (DT, DF, DST, and DF + DST) of Salvia miltiorrhiza. with different doses on rats with acute blood stasis. Methods: Acute blood stasis rat model was induced by sc injection of adrenaline and ice water bath. The blood stasis mice were ig administered with different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza. The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and haematocrit (HCT) were determined to observe the effects of two effective parts of Danshen on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. And the thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were tested to observe the effects of different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. In addition, the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of different active parts of S. miltiorrhiza on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats. Then principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods were both used to comprehensively evaluate the total activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effects of different effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza. Results: The hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters of model group had the significant differences with normal group. Compared with model group, the effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza with different doses could improve the blood hemorheological indexes and coagulation parameters in acute blood stasis rats with dose-effect relation. Based on the PCA and multi-attribute comprehensive index methods, the group of high-dose DF + DST had the best effect of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis effect in all medication administration teams. Under the condition of same dose of the effective parts of S. miltiorrhiza, the DF + DST could obviously improve the hemorheology and blood coagulation function in acute blood stasis rats. Conclusion: The combination of DF and DST has the better effects of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis in comparison with those of single part. It could provide the scientific basis for more effective application of the compatibility between salvianolic acids and tanshinones in modern clinic medicine.
ABSTRACT
Xin-Sheng-Hua granule (XSHG) is a popular remedy commonly used in clinic for the treatment of lochiostasis after delivery. To comparatively investigate the roles of herb pairs containing Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) upon the formula by evaluating the blood coagulation and hemorheology function in acute blood stasis rats, acute blood stasis rat model was established by ice water bath and subcutaneous injection of adrenaline. And the blood stasis mice were administrated intragastrically with different samples of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui and the whole formula (XSHG, SHD, DY, DC, DT, DH, DJ and DZ). The whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma viscosity (PV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and haematocrit (HCT) were applied to evaluate the effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on hemorheology of blood stasis rats. The thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were used to observe the effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on blood coagulation function of blood stasis rats. Additionally, the maximum aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was tested to observe the effect of different samples on platelet aggregation index of blood stasis rats.Afterwards, multi-attribute comprehensive index methods and principal component analysis were both applied to comprehensively assess the total effects of the formula minus herb pairs containing Danggui on promoting blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis. Compared with normal group, the hemorheological parameters and coagulation indexes of model group had statistical differences (P<0.01). Compared with model group, different samples (XSHG, SHD, DY, DC, DT, DH, DJ and DZ) could improve the blood hemorheology indexes, coagulation parameters and platelet aggregation in acute blood stasis rats. According to multi-attribute comprehensive index methods and the principal component analysis, the effects of promoting blood circulation by removing blood stasis became poor when excluding herb pairs containing Danggui from the formula, the sample DY and DC had the weakest effect of activating blood circulation and dissipating blood stasis, and the effect of sample DY was slightly poorer than DC. The orders of contribution of herb pairs containing Danggui on the formula were Danggui-Yimucao>Danggui-Chuanxiong>Danggui-Honghua>Danggui-Zhigancao>Danggui-Taoren>Danggui-Jiangtan. In conclusion, various herb pairs containing Danggui played different roles on the effects of improving the abnormality of hemorheology and coagulation function. And the herb pairs Danggui-Yimucao were particularly important for the formula, which was consistent with the characteristics of XSHG and the traditional effect of Yimucao. Moreover, it could lay foundation to further reveal the compatibility mechanism of XSHG.
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the differences of tonify-ing blood effect for the combination of Danggui and Honghua ( GH) with different proportions on blood de-ficiency mice, and choose the proportion of GH which has the optimal tonifying blood effect. Methods The blood deficient mice model was induced by injection of phenylhydrazine and cyclophosphamide. On the basis of multi-attribute comprehensive index method, the op-timal dose was determined through three doses of GH 1: 1 , which was the highest frequency proportion of GH used in the “Dictionary of Chinese Medicine Prescrip-tions”. According to the optimal dose, the change reg-ulation of tonifying blood effect of GH with different proportions was observed. Results Among three do- ses (1, 3 and 5 times of clinical dose), the tonifying blood effect of GH was best when the dosing concentra-tion of GH was clinical dose. Among nine proportions (1 : 0, 4 : 1, 2 : 1, 3 : 2, 1 : 1, 2 : 3, 1 : 2, 1 : 4 and 0 : 1), GH 1 : 1 had the best effect. Conclusion The results are consistent with regulations of medi-cine usage that GH 1 : 1 has the highest frequency used in Herbal Formulae, which could provide scientif-ic basis for more effective application of Danggui and Honghua in modern clinic medicine.